Ngenisa
Izihlalo zabakhubazekile zikagesiziguqule izimpilo zezigidi zabantu, zanikeza ukuhamba nokuzimela kubantu abakhubazekile. Lokhu kusungulwa okungajwayelekile kuwumphumela wamashumi eminyaka wokuqamba, ubunjiniyela kanye nokumela. Kule bhulogi, sizohlola umlando wezihlalo ezinamasondo zikagesi, silandelela ukuvela kwazo kusukela ekwakhiweni kwezandla zakuqala ukuya kumamodeli ayinkimbinkimbi kagesi esiwabona namuhla.
Ukuqala Kwangaphambi kwesikhathi: Isihlalo Samasondo Esinamasondo
Ukuzalwa kwesihlalo esinamasondo
Umqondo wezihlalo zabakhubazekile usuka ezikhathini zasendulo. Isihlalo esinamasondo sokuqala esaziwayo senziwa ngekhulu lesithupha lenkosi yaseSpain uPhilip II. Lo mshini wawuyisihlalo esilula sokhuni esifakwe amasondo ukuze inkosi ikwazi ukuhambahamba kalula. Emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, izihlalo zabakhubazekile ziye zashintsha futhi imiklamo yazo isiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngekhulu le-19, kwaphuma isihlalo sabakhubazekile sokuqala, okwenza izinto zokuhamba zibe lula.
Imikhawulo yezihlalo ezinamasondo
Nakuba izihlalo zabakhubazekile zinikeza ukuhamba, zidinga amandla amaningi aphezulu nokubekezela. Lezi zihlalo zabakhubazekile ngokuvamile azibanele abantu abanamandla amancane noma abangakwazi ukuhamba. Isidingo sekhambi elikahle kakhudlwana saya ngokuya sibonakala, sibeka inkundla yokwakhiwa kwezihlalo zabakhubazekile zikagesi.
Ukuzalwa kwesihlalo esinamasondo sikagesi
Ikhulu lama-20: Inkathi Yokusungula
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwakuyinkathi yokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukusungulwa kwenjini kagesi kwavula amathuba amasha emishini ephathwayo. I-prototypes yokuqala ye-wheelchair kagesi yaqala ukubonakala ngawo-1930, ikakhulukazi kubantu abakhubazekile okubangelwa uvendle nezinye izifo.
Isihlalo esinamasondo sikagesi sokuqala
Ngo-1952, umsunguli waseCanada uGeorge Klein wakha isihlalo sabakhubazekile sikagesi sokuqala, esaziwa ngokuthi “i-Klein Electric Wheelchair.” Lo mklamo wesisekelo usebenzisa amamotho anamandla ebhethri nezinti zokushayela. Ukusungulwa kuka-Klein kwaba ukugxumela phambili okukhulu, okuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngokuzimela okukhulu nokuhamba.
Intuthuko ekuklanyweni nasebuchwephesheni
Iminyaka yawo-1960 nawo-1970: Ukucwengwa kanye Nokwanda Kwabantu
Njengoba izihlalo zabakhubazekile ezinamandla zazithandwa kakhulu, abakhiqizi baqala ukuthuthukisa imiklamo yabo. Ukwethulwa kwezinto ezingasindi njenge-aluminiyamu nepulasitiki kwenze izihlalo ezinamasondo ezisebenza ngogesi zikwazi ukuphatheka kalula futhi kube lula ukuziqhuba. Ukwengeza, ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kuvumela izikhathi zokusetshenziswa ezinde nokushajwa okusheshayo.
Ukukhuphuka kokwenza ngokwezifiso
Ngawo-1970, izihlalo ezinamasondo ezisebenza ngogesi zase zikwazi ukwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo. Abasebenzisi bangakhetha kuzici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izihlalo ezilungisekayo, izinketho zokutshekisa nezitshekisayo, nezilawuli ezikhethekile. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuvumela abantu ukuba benze isihlalo esinamasondo ngokwezifiso zabo ngokwezidingo zabo ezithile, ukuthuthukisa ukunethezeka nokusebenziseka.
Iqhaza lokumela kanye nomthetho
Ukunyakaza Kwamalungelo Okukhubazeka
Ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kanye nawo-1970 kwavela umbutho wamalungelo abantu abakhubazekile, owawukhuthaza ukufinyeleleka kakhudlwana nokufakwa kwabantu abakhubazekile. Izishoshovu zilwela umthetho oqinisekisa amalungelo alinganayo kanye nokufinyelela endaweni yomphakathi, imfundo kanye nokuqashwa.
Umthetho Wokuvuselela ka-1973
Omunye wemithetho eyingqophamlando kwakunguMthetho Wokuvuselela ka-1973, owawuvimbela ukucwaswa kwabantu abakhubazekile ezinhlelweni ezixhaswa yinhlangano. Lo mthethosivivinywa uvula indlela yokwenyuswa kwemali yokuxhasa ubuchwepheshe obusizayo, okuhlanganisa nezihlalo ezinamasondo ezisebenza ngogesi, okwenza zifinyeleleke kalula kulabo abazidingayo.
Iminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990: Ukuthuthuka Kwezobuchwepheshe
Ubuchwepheshe beMicroprocessor
Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe be-microprocessor ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kwaguqula izihlalo zabakhubazekile ezinamandla. Lokhu kuthuthuka kuvumela amasistimu okulawula ayinkimbinkimbi, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balawule izihlalo zabo ezinamasondo ngokunemba okukhulu. Izici ezifana nokulawula isivinini, ukutholwa kwezithiyo nezilungiselelo ezihlelekayo zifika zijwayelekile.
Ukuvela kwemishini yokusiza amandla
Ngalesi sikhathi, imishini yokusiza amandla nayo yathuthukiswa ukuze ivumele abasebenzisi bezihlalo ezinamasondo ukuthi bahlomule osizweni lwamandla kagesi. Lezi zisetshenziswa zingaxhunywa ezihlalweni zabakhubazekile ezikhona ukuze zinikeze amandla engeziwe lapho kudingeka.
21st Century: Intelligent Technology kanye nekusasa
Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile
Ingena ekhulwini lama-21, izihlalo ezinamasondo zikagesi seziqalile ukufaka ubuchwepheshe obukhaliphile. Izici ezinjengokuxhumana kwe-Bluetooth, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone kanye nesistimu yokuzula ye-GPS kuyatholakala, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balawule bekude isihlalo sabakhubazekile futhi bafinyelele ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana nendawo ebazungezile.
Ukukhuphuka kwezihlalo ezinamasondo ezizimele
Intuthuko yakamuva kwezerobhothi kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezihlalo ezinamasondo zikagesi ezizimele. Lawa madivayisi asungulayo angazulazula ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, agweme izithiyo, futhi athuthe abasebenzisi ezindaweni ezithile ngaphandle kokufaka okwenziwa mathupha. Nakuba kusesesigabeni sokuhlola, lobu buchwepheshe bunesithembiso esikhulu sekusasa lokuhamba.
Umthelela wezihlalo ezinamasondo zikagesi emphakathini
Thuthukisa ukuzimela
Izihlalo ezinamasondo zikagesi zibe nomthelela omkhulu ezimpilweni zabantu abakhubazekile. Ngokunikeza ukuhamba okukhulu nokuzimela, lawa madivayisi avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babambe iqhaza ngokugcwele emphakathini. Abantu abaningi abake bathembela kubanakekeli ngezinto zokuhamba manje sebengakwazi ukuzulazula endaweni yabo ngokuzimela.
Ukushintsha imibono ngokukhubazeka
Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezihlalo zabakhubazekile zikagesi nakho kuyasiza ekuguquleni imibono yabantu ngokukhubazeka. Njengoba abantu abaningi abakhubazekile beba ngabahlanganyeli abakhuthele emiphakathini yabo, izimo zengqondo zomphakathi ziyashintsha, okuholela ekwamukelweni okukhulu nokufakwa.
Izinselelo nezikhombisi-ndlela zesikhathi esizayo
Ukufinyeleleka nokufinyeleleka
Naphezu kokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bezihlalo zabakhubazekile, izinselele zisekhona. Ukufinyeleleka nokufinyeleleka kuseyizithiyo ezibalulekile kubantu abaningi. Nakuba ukutholakala komshwalense wezihlalo ezinamasondo kagesi sekuthuthukile, abasebenzisi abaningi basabhekene nezindleko eziphezulu eziphuma ephaketheni.
Isidingo sokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ukuklanywa kwesihlalo sabakhubazekile sikagesi kudinga ukusungulwa okusha okuqhubekayo. Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kufanele igxile ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi lomsebenzisi, ukunweba impilo yebhethri nokuhlanganisa izici zokuphepha ezithuthukile.
Ekuphetheni
Umlando wezihlalo ezinamasondo ezisebenza ngogesi uwubufakazi bobuhlakani bomuntu kanye nokuphishekela ngokungapheli ukuzimela kwabantu abakhubazekile. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo okuphansi kuya emishinini eyinkimbinkimbi eyiyo namuhla, izihlalo zabakhubazekile zikagesi ziye zashintsha ukuphila kwabantu futhi zashintsha umbono womphakathi ngokukhubazeka. Ukuqhubekela phambili, ukuqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokumela kuzobaluleka kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izihlalo ezinamasondo ezisebenza ngogesi ziyafinyeleleka futhi zithengeka kubo bonke abazidingayo. Uhambo lwesihlalo esinamasondo kagesi lusekude ukuphela futhi umthelela waso ngokungangabazeki uzoqhubeka nokuzwakala ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-25-2024